HUMAN RIGHTS AS A SOCIAL PROGRAM TO REDUCE VULNERABILITIES
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How to Cite

Sergio da Rocha, A. . (2022). HUMAN RIGHTS AS A SOCIAL PROGRAM TO REDUCE VULNERABILITIES. ESMAT Magazine, 14(24), 189–214. https://doi.org/10.29327/270098.14.24-10

Abstract

The concept of vulnerability is treated in a philosophical and strategic perspective. Vulnerability is shown to formally focus on a relationship which is called relation of belonging. The relation of belonging is defined and formalized, so that its properties are shown at their broadest and most abstract level. Then, the concepts necessary for the discussion of vulnerability are examined, namely: risk, danger, attack, threat, protection, offense, and damage. Vulnerability is then analyzed in its manifestation according to three orders: trivial vulnerability, or first-order; consolidated vulnerability, or second-order; and situational vulnerability, or third-order. Within the scope of this latter, the three degrees of victimization are defined: victimization by attack (1st degree); victimization by offense (2nd degree); and victimization by damage (3rd degree). These concepts are explained as different forms of harm to a relation of belonging, the most serious being those that cause its suppression or deactivation. On top of this, there is a social stigma that arises when the victimization of groups brought about by situational vulnerabilities deemed as consolidated ones, throws these groups in a discriminated social situation, tending to reproduce their victimization by the perpetuation of their vulnerability. It is then discussed the social injustice resulting from the assumption, intentional or not, that situational vulnerabilities are consolidated, which is the source of the different types of victimization. Finally, the concept of ‘social program’ as conceived by Niklas Luhmann is examined, and it is shown that human rights are a social program in the sense of Luhmann. This social program, that aims to vulnerabilities, rather than victimizations, can reduce inevitable vulnerabilities and extinguish avoidable ones.
https://doi.org/10.29327/270098.14.24-10
PDF (Português (Brasil))

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